De Negentiende Eeuw 2011, nr. 3

De Negentiende Eeuw 35 (2011) 3

Henk te VeldeDe Risorgimento in Nederland. Binnenlandse tegenstellingen rond een internationale kwestie 105-118

Abstract (EN)
The Risorgimento in the Netherlands. Domestic controversies surrounding an international Issue.The Italian Risorgimento did not affect the Netherlands in the same way as the German unification did. Paradoxically however, it had important consequences for Dutch domestic politics. Reactions to the Risorgimento prefigured new alignments in domestic politics that would only really become apparent almost a decade later. Liberals and Catholics were still united against Conservatives and orthodox Protestants. The Italian question brought new dividing lines to the surface. Liberals supported the Italian struggle for a national and government and they cheered its hero Garibaldi. Conservatives agreed to a surprising degree. On the other hand, Catholics, and orthodox Protestants as well, abhorred the destruction of the legitimate order in Italy and considered the violence of the revolutionary uprising an outrage against society.
Jolijn GroothuizenTot hier en niet verder!? De kiesrechtbetoging van 20 september 1885 119-138

Abstract (EN)
‘Up to here and no further!?’ The suffrage demonstration of September 20th, 1885.In the historiography of socialism in the Netherlands, the suffrage demonstration of September 20th, 1885 has mostly been depicted in a negative way. When we take a closer look at the primary sources available however, we see how socialists not only used indecent, extra-judicialt actions, but also wielded civil methods in their struggle for democracy. They planned an orderly demonstration and asked the Dutch government for universal suffrage through a motion that was modelled on those debated in the Dutch parliament. The message that the motion contained however, was threatening and revolutionary. The government ignored the socialists’ request and the socialists consequently took their refuge to more violent methods. The transition from direct action to the carefully planned opposition of a social movement had proved to be difficult, and the confusion of September 1885 once more led to a period of uncivilized action.
Arko van HeldenDe ‘kleine luyden’ van Abraham Kuyper – een vorm van populistische retoriek? 139-153

Abstract (EN)
Abraham Kuypers ‘little men’ or ‘little people’ (kleine luyden) as a form of populist rhetoric.According to the British political scientist Margaret Canovan political populism is anti-elitist, exalts ‘the people’ and stresses the pathos of ‘the little man’. The Dutch Neo-Calvinist political leader Kuyper introduced the expression kleine luyden – allegedly a historical quotation from William of Orange – to express his antipathy of the liberal and conservative elite and to frame his Calvinist sympathizers as the real patriots. They form his Dutch-Reformed ‘heartland’ (a concept by Paul Taggart). This contribution analyses Kuypers uncommonly populist use of the expression kleine luyden. It was also an original, powerful expression to lift up the Calvinist little men and mobilize their little force into a strong political party.
Rick HoningsEen student bij de grijze heren. Nicolaas Beets en de Hollandsche Maatschappij van Fraaije Kunsten en Wetenschappen 154-168

Abstract (EN)
A student among grey gentlemen. Nicolaas Beets and the Dutch Society of Fine Arts and Sciences.During the first decades of the 19th century literary life took place within the literary societies, such as the Dutch Society of Fine Arts and Sciences, founded in 1800. In the early 19th century it was one of the most prominent literary authorities in the Northern Netherlands. According to the dominant historiography of Van den Berg the societies lost their importance after 1830. This view is mainly based on critical remarks of Jacob Geel. But is this a correct representation of the real situation? In this article I want to adjust this dominant representation by focusing on the career of the student-author Nicolaas Beets.
De Negentiende Eeuw 2011, nr. 1-2 (Wereldburgerschap)

De Negentiende Eeuw 35 (2011) 1-2: ‘Wereldburgerschap’

Eveline Koolhaas-GrosfeldWereldburgerschap in Nederland 1-9
Robert VerhoogtHet sublieme uitzicht op een grenzeloze wereld vanuit een luchtballon 10-33

Abstract (EN)
A sublime view of an endless world from a balloon.The invention of the balloon by the brothers Joseph and Etienne Montgofier caused a sensation in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Inspired by the experimental physics of the scientific revolution, balloonists organized public demonstrations. Up in the air the balloonists enjoyed a sublime view of the world and reported their experiences in words and images. Jean-Pierre Blanchard was the first to cross the Channel between England and France in a balloon. He later travelled to several European countries to become the first balloonist to go up in a balloon. On July 12, 1785 he made Dutch aviation history by being the first to ascend in a balloon in this country. The adventures of Blanchard and other balloonists were a source of inspiration for popular writers like Edgar Allan Poe and Jules Verne. Additionally, the sublime view from a balloon inspired artists to create a wide variety of images. Thomas Baldwin produced the first image of the view from a balloon in 1785. Then came the bright lithographs by Arnout and the impressive painting by Victor Navlet. The famous photographer Nadar made the first photographs from the basket of a balloon, while his successor Eduard Spelterini produced superlative aerial views. He photographed the impressive Alps from above, the relics of ancient Egypt, and the modern goldmines in Transvaal, too. The invention of the balloon provided a new dimension to modern European culture in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries: the third dimension. The ascent of a balloon attracted thousands of people again and again. Balloonists literally floated across national borders, between heaven and earth; they reflected both Romanticism and the Enlightenment. They saw the world as a huge, coloured map, while enjoying a new, sublime view of a world without borders.
Leen DresenDe waardering voor kosmopolitisme van planten en dieren in de Nederlandse natuurjournalistiek, 1850-1910 34-58

Abstract (EN)
Plants and animals as cosmopolitans: changing evaluations among Dutch popularizers of science, 1850-1910.Metaphors of global citizenship were commonly used by Dutch popularizers of science during the nineteenth century to describe plants and animals that occur worldwide. Calling a species cosmopolitan was often intended as praise, but could also carry negative connotations. Using this practice as a cultural indicator, this article traces changes in the representation of cosmopolitan species in Dutch science popularization between 1850 and 1910. Before 1870, perceptions were predominantly positive (praising cosmopolitan species as closely related to humans), but after this date they became negative (preferring locally confined species as having more character and being true to their origins). After 1890, cosmopolitan species became more appreciated again, with the advent of a new generation of progressive writers. These changing perceptions seem to reflect broader cultural and political developments, but also discussions within the natural sciences, where doubts emerged about the cosmopolitan nature of mankind itself.
Lotte JensenWereldburgerschap als verzetsdaad. Kosmopolitisme en patriottisme bij Jan Fredrik Helmers 59-72

Abstract (EN)
Cosmopolitanism as resistance. Cosmopolitanism and patriotism in the work of Jan Fredrik Helmers.The Amsterdam poet Jan Fredrik Helmers (1767-1813) is best known for his influential national epic De Hollandsche natie (The Dutch nation, 1812). Yet, he also propagated cosmopolitanism. This article seeks to explain this paradoxical combination of patriotism and cosmopolitanism. First, the philosophical, religious and cultural background of Helmer’s cosmopolitanism is analysed. His ideas were clearly influenced by Enlightenment thinkers, such as Wieland, Kant and Foster. Also, ideas of freemasonry resonated in his poems. Second, it is argued that actual political circumstances had a decisive impact on his thought. His cosmopolitanism can be interpreted as a protest against Napoleonic tyranny. At the same time growing French influence also posed a serious threat to the Dutch nation, which inspired patriotism in the poet.
Arnold LubbersHet Noord-Nederlandse leesgezelschap in het Verenigd Koninkrijk der Nederlanden. Broedplaats voor nationalisme en/of wereldburgerschap? 73-91

Abstract (EN)
The Northern Dutch book club in the United Kingdom of the Netherlands. Breeding ground for nationalism and/or world citizenship?.Researchers have suggested that during the years of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands (1815-1830) nationalism was omnipresent in literature. Immediately after the Belgian secession in 1830, though, Dutch author Van der Hoop jr. claims that a sort of world citizenship had been a dominant theme. To find out whether either books containing ideology were actually being read in those years, this article undertakes an analysis of the literary consumption of voluntary organizations. An examination of books and magazines bought by Northern Dutch book clubs indicates that the acquisitions favoured neither ideology. On the contrary: books containing outspoken ideology seem to have been purposely avoided in favour of recreational reading.
Jan OosterholtNeopatriottisme of neokosmopolitisme? R.C. Bakhuizen van den Brink en de (on-)kritiek van zijn tijd 92-103

Abstract (EN)
Neopatriotism or Neocosmopolitanism? R.C. Bakhuizen van den Brink and the (non)criticism of his age.The ideology of the Dutch periodical De Gids has been characterized as ‘neopatriotic’, but one could argue that it could be described as neocosmopolitan as well, depending on whether one wants to lay emphasis on a striving for a national culture or on the urge to take part in contemporary international movements. The paradox of this ‘international nationalism’ can be found in the criticism of Bakhuizen van den Brink: he denounces the chauvinism of an older generation and pleads for a combination of openness to foreign developments with a striving for an original Dutch contribution to European culture. His criticism against the ‘Old School’ manifests itself particularly in a new concept of (literary) criticism, with particular regard to the critic’s style of writing.
De Negentiende Eeuw 2010, nr. 4

De Negentiende Eeuw 34 (2010) 4: Liberalisme

Redactioneel 287-288
Christoph De SpiegeleerTussen banketten en begrafenissen. De radicaal-liberale burgerlijke cultuur rond Charles Potvin in Brussel tijdens de tweede helft van de negentiende eeuw 289-308

Abstract (EN)
Between Banquets and Funerals. The Liberal Political and Organizational Culture around Charles Potvin in Brussels during the Years, 1850-1900.There are some serious gaps in our knowledge of the nineteenth-century Belgian liberal organizational culture. Through the writer-journalist Charles Potvin we have mapped an important part of the political culture of progressive liberalism in Brussels which led us to unforeseen networks, meeting rooms and pressure groups, uninstitutionalized politics and informal contacts. Middle-class progressive citizens, often journalists, lawyers or professors at the Free University of Brussels, gathered in interest groups like the ‘Libre Pensée’ and the ‘Ligue de l’Enseignement’. They joined such groups because of their militant anticlericalism and their disapproval of the far less radical liberal government. They voiced their criticisms and commitments in various newspapers and periodicals. Discussions were continued in Masonic lodges, among which ‘Les Amis Philanthropes’ was particularly popular. The progressive liberals came together at banquets to honour important political and literary figures, while civic funerals were used to commemorate the deceased and to show the group’s opposition to the government’s policies. This ‘bourgeois civil society’ played a role in a number of important emancipatory movements.
Liesbet WinkelmolenDe Ommelander. Een ultraliberale stem uit Groningen 309-323

Abstract (EN)
De Ommelander. An Ultra-Liberal Voice from Groningen.In 1830-31 the southern parts of the Kingdom of the Netherlands fought for their independence, which would lead to the secession of Belgium. This revolution evoked nationalistic feelings in the north, and as a result, liberal critics of the conservative, bureaucratic and centralistic rule of King Willem I restrained themselves. Cautious voices of opposition that had arisen now fell silent, and many oppositional periodicals stopped appearing. In the northern province of Groningen, however, the ultra-liberal periodical De Ommelander came out and raised its voice during the years 1831-34. De Ommelander put forward extreme opinions on polity: it argued for restrictions on the power of the King, for a constitution with ministerial responsibility, for reduction of bureaucracy, and for a new elective system. No wonder that the government in The Hague read De Ommelander closely and prosecuted the editors as soon as it found a reason to do so. This article outlines the opinions put forward in De Ommelander and places the periodical in the context of the province of Groningen. It is argued that these ideas were rooted in a society of emancipated farmers, seeking influence in provincial politics.
Rob van de Schoor‘Italië, schip zonder stuurman in de woedende golven, hoeveel ongelukkigen ballast hebt gij aan boord?’ Verbeelding en interpretatie van het Risorgimento in de negentiende-eeuwse Nederlandse letterkunde 324-341

Abstract (EN)
The Italian Risorgimento in nineteenth-century Dutch literature.A closer investigation of nineteenth-century (literary and journalistic) prose and poems about the Italian Risorgimento, as Lucy Riall and Marjan Schwegman point out, shows how Dutch writers were engaged in a process of orchestrating a new Italian identity by fashioning Giuseppe Garibaldi as a Romantic hero. Journalism and literature were closely entwined in the 1860s: narrative conventions were activated for telling the story of current political events and for understanding the motives of those involved. With its stress on Garibaldi’s revolutionary idealism and his boyish energy that did not exclude an almost feminine sensibility, the life-story of Italy’s liberator greatly appealed to educated women (writers) who were interested in politics.
Boekzaal der geleerde wereld 342-349

  • Eveline Koolhaas-Grosfeld, De ontdekking van de Nederlander in boeken en prenten rond 1800. Zutphen: Walburg Pers, 2010. (Michiel Jonker)
  • Robert Verhoogt, Art in Reproduction. Nineteenth-century prints after Lawrence Alma-Tadema, Jozef Israëls and Ary Scheffer. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2007. (Lieske Tibbe)
  • Anneke van Veen, De eerste foto’s van Amsterdam 1845-1875. Bussum: Toth/Amsterdam: Stadsarchief 2010. (Lieske Tibbe)
  • Vincent van Gogh. De brieven, red. Leo Jansen, Harm Luijten en Nienke Bakker, Amsterdam: Van Goghmuseum. Amsterdam University Press/ Den Haag: Huygensinstituut, 2009. (Lieske Tibbe)
  • Gekleurd grijs. Johannes Kneppelhout (1814-1885) en Gerard Bilders (1838-1865). Brieven en dagboek, red. Wiepke Loos. Zwolle: Waanders, 2009. (Eveline Koolhaas-Grosfeld)
  • Ingelies Vermeulen en Ton Pelkmans, Marie Bilders-van Bosse, 1837-1900. Een leven voor kunst en vriendschap, [Oosterbeek]: Uitgeverij Kontrast, 2008. (Lieske Tibbe)
De Negentiende Eeuw 2010, nr. 3: 'Druk bekeken'

De Negentiende Eeuw 34 (2010) 3: ‘Druk bekeken. Collecties en hun publiek in de 19e eeuw’

Redactioneel 183
Lieske Tibbe en Martin WeissPubliek gebruik van Nederlandse verzamelingen in de negentiende eeuw. Inleiding op het thema 184-192
Hieke HuistraWeg met Pottenkijkers! Hoe het publiek verdween uit het Leids anatomisch kabinet 193-208

Abstract (EN)
No more peeping in the Leiden Anatomical Collections. The disappearance of visitors.Tony Bennett claims that the public museum emerged in the nineteenth century, and that collections in earlier centuries were kept in closed spaces with strictly regulated access. I show that the Leiden anatomical collections do not fi t this picture. These collections were open to everyone until the nineteenth century, in which they were closed off for the general public. I argue that this closing off was a consequence of the changes in medical teaching, which infl uenced the housing and contents of the collection. Finally, I suggest Bennett’s thesis has more exceptions: other natural science collections probably developed in similar ways.
Huib J. ZuidervaartNatuurkundige instrumentenkabinetten. De opkomst en ondergang van een cultureel fenomeen 209-231

Abstract (EN)
The Cabinet for Experimental Philosophy in the Netherlands. The rise and fall of a cultural phenomenon.This paper investigates the development of Dutch cabinets for experimental philosophy. In the Netherlands, the phenomenon of a specialized collection of scientifi c instruments emerges in the second quarter of the eighteenth century and disappears from the scene in the last quarter of the nineteenth. During the time of its existence, the cabinet of experimental philosophy was used for several purposes, from a tool of devout religious contemplation, to a vehicle for status and amusement, and a device for education or research. Eventually, most instruments were disposed of as being obsolete. Some of the cabinets de physique were transformed into a physics laboratory; some instruments were preserved by accident in an attic, as relics. These items surfaced again at the beginning of the twentieth century, before starting a new life as an object of historical signifi cance.
Ellinoor Bergvelt en Claudia HörsterKunst en publiek in de Nederlandse rijksmusea voor oude kunst (1800-1896). Een vergelijking met Bennetts Birth of the Museum 232-248

Abstract (EN)
National Museums of Art in the Netherlands (1800-1896) and their public.Bennet’s assumptions in Birth of the Museum (1995) are compared with the Dutch national art museums in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Dutch museums are different, for instance the artists as target group in the public are much more important than in other countries, while the public at large is barely considered. Nonetheless, the two Dutch national art museums exerted a high attractiveness amongst the general public, which is refl ected in their ever-growing and, within the Netherlands, unequalled visitor numbers. Moreover, research into the social composition of the Rijksmuseum public shows that art was by no means only accessible to an elite, on the contrary, at times the majority of the visitors was semi-skilled or even unskilled. Explanations for other Dutch deviations in public and government policy are found in a free art market since the 16th century and in the fact that only in 1795 a centralized form of government was founded.
Lieske TibbeVerheffing, nut, of pret maken? Georganiseerde bezoeken van werklieden aan nijverheidstentoonstellingen in de negentiende eeuw 249-268

Abstract (EN)
Public advancement or only for fun? Labour class visits to industrial exhibitions.Bennett’s concept of ‘the exhibitionary complex’, and its evolution as described by him, is held against initiatives in The Netherlands to involve labour class people in (inter)national industrial expositions. At the 1825 ‘Exhibition of Products of National Industry’ in Haarlem, participation of the – at the time very poor, underdeveloped and mostly unemployed – lower classes could only be noticed in relation to the various festivities fl anking the exposition. In 1861, during the ‘National Universal Exhibition’ in Haarlem, a call to employers and factory managers to organize visits of their labourers to the exposition, met a very modest response. A more large-scaled initiative to send delegations of skilled labourers to the 1867 World Fair in Paris resulted in some hand-written reports and a printed one – the last one also propagating labourers’ cooperative societies. In all three cases, elements of an ‘exhibitionary complex’ can be recognized; however, their consequences admit more than one interpretation.
Martin WeissDe gang naar toegankelijkheid. Publiek gebruik van Teylers Museum in de negentiende eeuw 269-285

Abstract (EN)
Going Public. The Public Usage of Teylers Museum in the 19th Century.This article analyses the public usage of Teylers Museum over the course of the nineteenth century: who had access to the collections, who actually visited the museum and what did they hope to gain from their visit? It is argued that over the course of the 19th century Teylers Museum gradually transformed from a research centre into a public art museum. The article addresses to which extent developments in Teylers Museums fi t into the general framework provided by Tony Bennett in his book The Birth of the Museum.
De Negentiende Eeuw 2010, nr. 2: 'Religieus gevoel'

De Negentiende Eeuw 34 (2010) 2: ‘Het religieus gevoel in de negentiende eeuw’

Redactioneel 97-98
Patrick VandermeerschHet beroep op het religieuze gevoel in de negentiende eeuw 99-112

Abstract (EN)
Appeals to religious feeling in the nineteenth century.The conviction that feeling was crucial for religion is epitomized by the work of Friedrich Schleiermacher. At around the same time, René de Chateaubriand had already written about the way feeling could be used. The nineteenth-century discussion about the various types of religious feeling has close connections with the way religion was made instrumental to the nationalist or humanitarian needs of the newly emerging society. A tension remained, too, between rationalist theology and pleas for the importance of feeling, and it is too simple to equate this tension with an opposition between Protestantism and Catholicism. As Dutch revivalism (Réveil) and Belgian liberal Catholicism demonstrate, the religious history of the Low Countries deserves a separate treatment.
Peter NissenHet verlangen naar de hemel. Culturele representaties van oude en nieuwe vormen van religiositeit in de negentiende eeuw 113-124

Abstract (EN)
Longing for heaven. Cultural representations of old and new forms of religiosity in the nineteenth century.The 20th century in European cultural history has been described as the age of the disappearance of heaven. This disappearance was already visible in the 19th century, not as the result of a simple linear process of secularization, but through a more complex transformation and migration of religion. This process leads to the paradox that in an age in which heaven seemed to disappear in some domains of life, the longing for heaven simultaneously occurred in other domains. In Dutch cultural history, this is especially true for the early decades of the century, with a late resonance of Romanticism in art and philosophy, and for the fin de siècle, with a strong interest in Swedenborg’s ‘knowledge’ of the secrets of heaven, a vigorous desire for communication with the souls of the deceased, both in spiritist circles and in popular Roman Catholicism, and a lively fascination with the spiritual and the mystical in art and literature.
Alpita de JongGodsdienst als ‘kittelig plek’ aan het lichaam der natie. Joast Halbertsma (1789-1869) en het religieus gevoel in de vroege negentiende eeuw 125-139

Abstract (EN)
Religion as ‘ticklish spot’ on the body of the nation. Joast Halbertsma (1789-1869) and religious feeling in the early nineteenth century.Focusing on the complexities and paradoxes of religion in the early nineteenth century, the Mennonite clergyman Joast Halbertsma is of great help to modern historians. Not only his texts on religious topics like his histories of the Mennonites and of Buddhism, but also his essays on languages, his Frisian tales, and his correspondence with distinguished men of letters and politicians comment on religious sensitivities of his time and reveal Halbertsma’s attitude towards religion and the relation between religion and politics.
Marijke Huisman‘Schrijf, want deze woorden zijn getrouw en waarachtig’. Religie, gender en autobiografi sch schrijverschap in de negentiende eeuw 140-154

Abstract (EN)
‘Write, because these words are faithful and true’. Religion, gender and autobiographical authorship in the 19th century.For women of the nineteenth-century, the motive of a religious vocation was an important and successful instrument to justify a public life. This article argues that religious thoughts and experiences facilitated women’s autobiography as well. During the century, the subgenre of conversion narrative was more accessible to Dutch women autobiographers than the favorable genre of historical memoirs. However, women’s presence within the tradition of conversion narrative did not necessarily further autobiographical authorship: many women’s narratives were ghostwritten, and virtually all were published posthumously. As an exception to the rule, the case of Doetje Reinsberg-Ypes (1840-1900) demonstrates to what extent the subgenre of conversion narrative entrapped women autobiographers striving for a place in public life and hence the domain of history.
Annemarie Houkes‘Daar moet gehandeld worden!’ Nieuwe religieuze belevenissen van orthodoxe protestanten, 1850-1900 155-163

Abstract (EN)
‘There should be action’. New religious experiences of orthodox Protestants, 1850-1900.Transformations in the nineteenth century public sphere are more closely linked with changes in religion, and the way in which people experienced their faith, than many historians realize. In the Netherlands, religious revivals attracted an increasing number of Protestants from 1830 onward. Conversion and the orthodox faith became directly connected with social activism. This article focuses on the various ways in which the new religious feeling took shape: Christian philanthropy and evangelization, church politics and different perceptions of citizenship and politics. For orthodox Protestants, religious feeling was the major incentive for public action. Their translation of religious feeling into action caused a lasting change in societal relations and public and political participation in the Netherlands.
Hans Knippenberg‘God dienen is mensen dienen’. Heilssoldaten en hun gevoel voor de onderkant van de samenleving, 1887-1912 164-182

Abstract (EN)
‘Serving God is serving men’. Salvationists and their feelings towards society’s lower classes, 1887-1912.Starting with their great example and general, the founder of the Salvation Army, William Booth, this paper describes the religious feelings, motivation and background of the fi rst Salvationists in the Netherlands and the reactions of Dutch society to the establishment of the Salvation Army in 1887. After the implementation of Booth’s worldwide social campaign in the 1890s, Dutch society shifted from an attitude of hesitation and disapproval to one of more appreciation, resulting in a rapid expansion to 94 Army corps and 336 offi cers by 1912.
De Negentiende Eeuw 2010, nr. 1

De Negentiende Eeuw 34 (2010) 1

Redactioneel 1-2
Lotte JensenEen mijnenveld vol explosieven. Kritiek in Nederlandse toneeltijdschriften rond 1800 3-25

Abstract (EN)
A minefield of explosives. Criticism in Dutch theatre periodicals around 1800.This article discusses the way criticism was practised in Dutch theatre periodicals around 1800. It focuses on four periodicals: De Amsteldamsche Nationale Schouwburg (1795), De Tooneelmatige Roskam (1799), Amstels Schouwtooneel (1808-1809), and De Tooneelkijker (1815-1919). The most remarkable characteristic is their combative tone: they are fi lled with quarrels, arguments and personal confl icts. This might be explained by the fact that they were written by and for a small circle of theatre lovers, fertile ground for confl icts of interests. The propagated ideal of impartial criticism therefore was a contradiction in terms. However, the critics seemed to agree about one thing, namely that the decline of Dutch theatre was caused by the abundance of foreign plays. They had one enemy in common: the German writer August von Kotzebue. All internal confl icts were drowned out by the shared disapproval of his work.
Wim CosterTwee soorten van liberalisme. Thorbecke en Sloet tot Oldhuis ‘aan de hefboom tot welvaart’ 26-48

Abstract (EN)
Two kinds of liberalism. Thorbecke and Sloet ‘at the lever of prosperity’.This article explores the question whether Bartholomeus Willem Anne Elisa baron Sloet tot Oldhuis (1807-1884) can be considered as a doctrinal liberal or ‘Thorbeckian’. The question is answered by reference to some specifi c topics he often discussed with Thorbecke, namely economy (especially his vision on poor relief, wages and excise), knowledge and the spread of knowledge, infrastructure and colonial politics. The article also deals with the political style of both men and the scope of their political arenas. It shows that Sloet – because of his fi rm belief in the laws of nature, the organic arrangement and the functioning of creation and ‘the invisible hand’ – can be called an ‘ecological liberal’, and at the same time has his own style in an arena that’s not limited to the political scene in The Hague.
Niels MatheveTempel of magazijn. Belgische volksvertegenwoordigers over het museumwezen (1890-1900) 49-69

Abstract (EN)
Temple or storehouse? Belgian deputies concerning museum policy (1890-1900).At the end of the nineteenth century, the Belgian Chamber of Representatives started paying more attention to cultural topics. This article studies the topics that aroused debate. The purchasing policy of Belgian national museums was often criticised because of their inability to save money. Furthermore, deputies devoted several debates to the purpose of museums. These debates suggest that there were strongly diverging opinions concerning the policy of Belgian museums. Therefore, the idea of a general breakthrough of democratisation (at least concerning museum policy) at the end of the nineteenth century cannot be confi rmed. More conservative speakers still dominated the ‘cultural theatre’ in Belgium, at least until the beginning of the twentieth century.
Suzan van DijkGeorge Sand in Nederland. Ontwikkelingen in het receptieonderzoek 70-93

Abstract (EN)
George Sand in the Netherlands. Developments in reception studies.The current focus of Dutch reception studies seems to be on translations. They are often considered the principal source of information on and testimony to reception. However, the case of George Sand’s reception in the Netherlands illustrates the necessity of including other reception sources when researching literary connections between countries. Possibly this applies in particular to works (1) written in French, the lingua franca throughout Europe in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and (2) published by controversial authors, whose critics in other countries disapproved of their translation. Gender issues probably had a role here – most certainly for George Sand, whose own behaviour and that of her heroines did not always correspond to prevalent norms.
Aankondigingen en mededelingen 94-96
De Negentiende Eeuw 2009, nr. 4

De Negentiende Eeuw 33 (2009) 4

Marianne Braun‘Die groote, machtige vereeniging “vrouw”’. De Vrije Vrouwenvereeniging: van civil society naar publieke sfeer 193-212

Abstract (EN)
‘That great, powerful association called “woman”’. The Vrije Vrouwenvereeniging (Free Women’s Association): from civil society to public sphere.This article explores the position of the Vrije Vrouwenvereeniging in Dutch civil society at the end of the nineteenth century. Its scope is confi ned to the group’s early years. This association for the advancement of women was both part of the broader movement for social justice and – because its program was devoted to promoting one sex – an oppositional group inside the movement. Although ‘quiet propaganda’ was the association’s original intention, it soon found itself engaged in political debate and action in the public sphere, partly due to the personality of its president Wilhelmina Drucker.
Wilma van Giersbergen‘Zij hebben er zooveel plaisier in […] dat men eene speld hoort vallen, als de zaal vol is’. Vincent van Gogh en het tekenonderwijs op de Rijks-HBS te Tilburg, 1866-1868 213-236

Abstract (EN)
‘They enjoyed themselves so much […] that one could have heard a pin drop, when the art room was full’. Vincent van Gogh and the drawing lessons at the State High School in Tilburg, 1866-1868.From September 1866 till March 1868 Vincent van Gogh attended the State High School in Tilburg, where Constant Huijsmans gave him lessons in the principles of drawing, including how to use drawing materials and how to in coordinate the hand and eye. Vincent copied geometrical models, fruit, jugs, and fl oral and architectural ornaments and learned the basics of perspective and how to measure proportions. However, when he decided to became an illustrator in 1880, he had yet to learn all the principles of drawing in spite of Huijsman’s lessons on these subjects. Huijsman’s teaching seems to have been lost on the young van Gogh.
Gerard HooykaasHet Koninklijk Instituut en de Koninklijke Akademie 237-247

Abstract (EN)
The Dutch Royal Institute and the Royal Academy of Sciences.In his voluminous study De stem van de wetenschap (The Voice of Science), Klaas van Berkel gives a learned and panoramic view of the Dutch Royal Institute and the Royal Academy of Sciences in the nineteenth century. While the author’s profound analysis is often critical, it is possible to come to quite different conclusions.
Boekzaal der geleerde wereld 248-255

  • Lou Spronck, Theodoor Weustenraad (1805-1849) en de ‘Percessie van Scherpenheuvel’. Hilversum: Verloren, 2009. (Joep Leerssen)
  • Wouter van der Veen, Van Gogh: A Literary Mind. Literature in the correspondence of Vincent van Gogh. Zwolle: Waanders Publishers / Amsterdam: Van Gogh Museum, 2009 (Van Gogh Studies 2). (Lieske Tibbe)
  • Walter A. Buijn, Arabeske of gedachte. Een muziekesthetische tegenstelling in Nederland 1820-1914. Diss. UvA. Amsterdam: Vossiuspers UvA – Amsterdam University Press, 2007. (Ton van Kalmthout)
  • Ans. J. Veltman-van den Bos & Jan de Vet, Par Amitié. De vriendenrol van Petronella Moens. Nijmegen: Vantilt, 2009. (Marc van Zoggel)
  • Rudo den Hartog, Groet Molletje van mij. Alexander Mollinger (1836-1867), een Utrechtse schilder op de drempel van de Haagse school. Vianen: Optima, 2008. (Lieske Tibbe)
De Negentiende Eeuw 2009, nr. 2

De Negentiende Eeuw 33 (2009) 2

Arianne Baggerman‘Zo een vrijheid begeer ik nimmer meer te beleven’. Het witwassen van het verleden in Nederlandse ego-documenten (1800-1850) 73-95

Abstract (EN)
‘I desire never again to experience that kind of freedom’. Absolving the past in Dutch autobiographies (1800-1850).The way Dutch autobiographers looked back on their lives changed much in the period between 1750 and 1850. In this period a new consciousness of history developed in which the gap between past, present and future was widened. Autobio graphies from this so-called Sattelzeit contain new ideas, such as an emphasis on the irreversible character of the past. Nostalgia, however, is scarce, at least compared with French autobiographies, according to Peter Fritszche, who mainly studied writing by French emigrants. Several reasons are discussed for this unique development in the Netherlands. First, there was no large wave of emigra tions after 1795, and consequently less longing for a lost past among Orangists. Secondly, the Batavian Revolution had lead to a French occupation that everyone, including former revolutionaries, wanted to forget.
Jan Hein FurnéeStand der wetenschapNaar een integrale geschiedenis van de negentiende-eeuwse stad. Vijftien stadsbiografieën in perspectief 96-122

Abstract (EN)
Towards an integrated history of the nineteenth-century city. A review of fifteen Dutch urban biographies.Over the last twenty years, the writing of modern urban biographies has been one of the core activities of Dutch urban historians. Focusing on the analysis of the nineteenth century city in fi fteen major urban biographies, this review discusses their selection of themes, composition and style, but also explores new possibilities to enhance the synthetic potential of urban historiography. The article argues that in the next few years more attention might be paid to the stimulating role of urban government, especially in economic and cultural development; to the contested creation of class and gender relations in the fi eld of leisure; and to the multifaceted character of urban space: as a structure, a built environment and a socially constructed site of daily experience.
Boekzaal der geleerde wereld 123-128

  • G.J. Johannes, Dit moet u niet onverschillig wezen! De vaderlandse literatuur in het Noord-Nederlands voortgezet onderwijs 1800-1900. Nijmegen: Vantilt, 2007. (Berry Dongelmans)
  • Saskia Pieterse, De buik van de lezer. Over spreken en schrijven in Multatuli’s Ideën. Nijmegen: Vantilt, 2008. (Lieske Tibbe)
  • Peter Thoben, Suze Robertson 1852-1922. Schilderes van het harde en zware leven. Eindhoven: Museum Kempenland, 2008. (Jan Jaap Heij)
  • Auke van der Woud, Sterrenstof. Honderd jaar mythologie in de Nederlandse architectuur. Rotterdam: 010, 2008 (Lieske Tibbe)
  • Hans Rooseboom, De schaduw van de fotograaf. Positie en status van een nieuw beroep, 1839-1889. Leiden: Primavera Pers, 2008. (Lieske Tibbe)
De Negentiende Eeuw 2009, nr. 1: 'De waarde van kennis'

De Negentiende Eeuw 33 (2009) 1: ‘De waarde van kennis’

Marlite HalbertsmaDe waarde van kennis 1-3
Janneke WeijermarsNeerlandistiek als bindmiddel van de natie. Hoogleraar Schrant in Gent, 1817-1830 4-19
Wilma van GiersbergenMobiliteit van een beddenmaker. De kunstenaar Willem Hendrik Schmidt (Rotterdam 1809-1849 Delft) 20-21
Robbert-Jan WilleDe nationale waarde van ontwikkeling. De patricische embryoloog Ambrosius Hubrecht en de noodzaak van de liberale staat om te investeren in onderwijs en wetenschap 34-52
Boudien de VriesDe waarde van kennis bij arbeiders en de kleine burgerij in de tweede helft van de negentiende eeuw 53-70
Aankondigingen en mededelingen 71